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Wires near starter, not sure where their home is...
The spade connector from the starter has a short wire with a butt connector on the end. Obviosuly not original. Where would this wire go to?
The other 2 wires are coming from the harness that eventually leads into the firewall. Both look original and the light blue with yellow stripe has the original connector on it. The black with yellow stripe has been cut.
There is a harness that runs from the drivers side firewall and to the trans. In that bundle there are at least four other connectors that go to two sensors on the trans.
In the 1985 factory service manual wiring diagram page 50:10 section A1 and A2, this shows two connections from harness X-09. One is for the hot start assisit and the other is the starter trigger. Here are the schematics and where to find the hardness and connectors.
The large Black/yellow wire you have shown there goes to the spade connector on the top of the starter solenoid. Whatever that mess is on your starter now (in your first pic) I would just remove then put a fresh female spade connector on the black/yellow and connect it there.
You're correct, it sees 12v from the ignition switch when you turn it to "start".
In the second pic, that blue wire with the push connector is for the hot start assist. That connector connected to a fusible link that then gets connected to the starter main power stud. It's labeled A2. Most first gens have that fusible link missing. I removed mine and just made my own pigtail.