After much trial and error, I have the drum brakes adjusted fairly well; but removing the drum every time is a hassle; and it's darn difficult to get to that little adjustment window behind the brake plate.
Can fine adjustment be done by backing and braking?
What's the trick (if there is one)?

 

As far as I know, you shouldn't have to back off the star wheel everytime you remove the drums, have you machined your drums to remove any lips?

 

drum brake adjusters never work. in the 1 in 100 time they do, be happy and surprised

 

I've found in general, with star adjusters, if you don't start with new
brake hardware they rarely function very well when you do the backup
and stop procedure.

Also having the drums turned to remove any lip, as demon suggested will
make it easier to remove next time.

Ultimately the final adjustement needs to be made with the drums on and
using the window to push the star around with a screw driver.

 

often times the adjuster is actually rusted or seized from brake dust and must be removed and freed. i always clean and regrease the adjusters. if you are that far into it, replace the brake shoes and inspect the drums for wear. adjust them by hand with new components and everything will work well!

 

When we replaced the pumpkin, we cleaned everything and it all looks excellent; the drums are in good condition (no lips). It's just that that little plug is a b!tch to get to...